451 lines
18 KiB
Python
451 lines
18 KiB
Python
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import os
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from datetime import datetime
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import matplotlib
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matplotlib.use("Agg")
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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from matplotlib.colors import to_rgba
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from matplotlib.lines import Line2D
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import numpy as np
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import SimpleITK as sitk
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from scipy.ndimage import map_coordinates
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from imaging.orientation import (best_symmetry_plane, best_upper_endplate_plane,
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segment_spinous_process, segment_vertebral_body)
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from utils.helpers import get_unique_filepath
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# 體積吸收渲染（Beer-Lambert），與 res_plot_3d 相同：
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# 每 voxel 不透明度 = 1 - exp(-mu * voxel_width)
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BONE_MU_CORTICAL = 0.02 # 1/mm
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BONE_MU_TRABECULAR = 0.005 # 1/mm
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BONE_MARKER_SIZE = 3.0 # 骨散點點面積 (pt^2)
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BONE_SUBSAMPLE = 1 # 抽稀（1 = 全畫）
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def set_axes_equal_3d(ax):
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"""讓 3D 座標軸等比例，球/立方不變形（同 res_plot_3d）。"""
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x_limits = ax.get_xlim3d()
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y_limits = ax.get_ylim3d()
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z_limits = ax.get_zlim3d()
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x_range = abs(x_limits[1] - x_limits[0])
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x_middle = np.mean(x_limits)
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y_range = abs(y_limits[1] - y_limits[0])
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y_middle = np.mean(y_limits)
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z_range = abs(z_limits[1] - z_limits[0])
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z_middle = np.mean(z_limits)
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plot_radius = 0.5 * max([x_range, y_range, z_range])
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ax.set_xlim3d([x_middle - plot_radius, x_middle + plot_radius])
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ax.set_ylim3d([y_middle - plot_radius, y_middle + plot_radius])
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ax.set_zlim3d([z_middle - plot_radius, z_middle + plot_radius])
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try:
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ax.set_box_aspect([1, 1, 1])
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except AttributeError:
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pass
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def _load_mask(path):
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"""讀取 nifti 二值遮罩 -> (z,y,x) bool；缺檔/讀取失敗/空 -> None。"""
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if path is None or not os.path.exists(path):
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return None
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try:
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arr = sitk.GetArrayFromImage(sitk.ReadImage(path, sitk.sitkUInt8))
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"[warn] 讀取失敗 {path}: {e}")
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return None
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m = arr > 0
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if int(m.sum()) == 0:
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return None
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return m
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def _rgba_block(n, color, a):
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arr = np.empty((n, 4))
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arr[:] = to_rgba(color)
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arr[:, 3] = a
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return arr
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# ======================================================================
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# 旋轉對齊（index space）：
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# 1) 最佳鏡稱面 normal -> +X（使鏡稱面平行 x=0）
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# 2) 再繞 X 旋轉，使上終板面 normal 的 y 分量为 0（與 y 無關）
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# 所有向量採 (x, y, z) 順序；array 為 (z, y, x)。
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# ======================================================================
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def _unit(v):
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v = np.asarray(v, dtype=float)
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n = np.linalg.norm(v)
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return v / n if n > 0 else v
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def _skew(ax):
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ax = np.asarray(ax, dtype=float)
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return np.array([[0.0, -ax[2], ax[1]],
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[ax[2], 0.0, -ax[0]],
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[-ax[1], ax[0], 0.0]])
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def rotation_from_to(u, v):
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"""3x3 旋轉矩陣，把單位向量 u 映射到單位向量 v（最小角旋转）。"""
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u = _unit(u)
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v = _unit(v)
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c = float(np.clip(np.dot(u, v), -1.0, 1.0))
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if c > 1.0 - 1e-12:
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return np.eye(3)
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if c < -1.0 + 1e-12: # 反平行：繞任一垂直軸轉 180 度
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if abs(u[0]) < 0.9:
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ax = np.cross([1.0, 0.0, 0.0], u)
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else:
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ax = np.cross([0.0, 1.0, 0.0], u)
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ax = ax / np.linalg.norm(ax)
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K = _skew(ax)
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return np.eye(3) + 2.0 * (K @ K)
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ax = np.cross(u, v)
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s = np.linalg.norm(ax)
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ax = ax / s
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K = _skew(ax)
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ang = np.arccos(c)
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return np.eye(3) + np.sin(ang) * K + (1.0 - np.cos(ang)) * (K @ K)
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def rotation_about_x(theta):
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ct, st = np.cos(theta), np.sin(theta)
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return np.array([[1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
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[0.0, ct, -st],
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[0.0, st, ct]])
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def compute_normalizing_rotation(mask, sym, symp):
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"""回傳 (R, c_xyz)。
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R：使鏡稱面 normal -> +X、上終板面 normal 的 y 分量 -> 0（z 分量保持 >0）。
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若 symp 為 None，只做鏡稱面對齊。
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c_xyz：旋轉中心（array 中心），(x, y, z) 順序。
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"""
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nz, ny, nx = mask.shape
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c_xyz = np.array([(nx - 1) / 2.0, (ny - 1) / 2.0, (nz - 1) / 2.0])
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n_sym = _unit(sym["normal"])
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R1 = rotation_from_to(n_sym, np.array([1.0, 0.0, 0.0]))
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if symp is None:
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return R1, c_xyz
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n_end = _unit(symp["normal"])
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w = R1 @ n_end
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if abs(w[1]) + abs(w[2]) < 1e-12:
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return R1, c_xyz
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theta = float(np.arctan2(w[1], w[2]))
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R2 = rotation_about_x(theta)
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return R2 @ R1, c_xyz
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def rotate_volume(arr, R, c_xyz, order=1, cval=0.0):
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"""以 R（作用於 (x,y,z) 向量）在 index space 旋轉 (z,y,x) 體積，
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繞 c_xyz 中心。用逆向映射 + 多項式插值（order=0 最近邻 / 1 三线性）。"""
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nz, ny, nx = arr.shape
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idx = np.indices((nz, ny, nx), dtype=np.float64)
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xx, yy, zz = idx[2], idx[1], idx[0]
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V = np.stack([xx, yy, zz], axis=0) # (3, nz,ny,nx) = (x,y,z)
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c = c_xyz[:, None, None, None]
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W = np.tensordot(R.T, V - c, axes=([1], [0])) + c # (3, nz,ny,nx) = (in_x,in_y,in_z)
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return map_coordinates(arr, [W[2], W[1], W[0]], order=order, cval=cval, mode="constant")
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def rotated_sitk_image(src_image, arr):
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"""以相同幾何（origin/spacing/direction）包裝旋轉後的 array。"""
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out = sitk.GetImageFromArray(arr)
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out.CopyInformation(src_image)
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return out
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def rotated_grid(box_size_zyx, R, c_xyz, margin=4):
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"""未旋轉（緊密裁切）grid 的 8 角點經 (R, c_xyz) 剛性旋轉（forward
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dest = R(src - c) + c）後取最小包圍軸對齊盒，外擴 margin。
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回傳 (start, size)，皆為 (x, y, z) 序、模板 index 系；size 含旋轉
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擴張，旋轉後整顆骨頭保留、不被裁切（同尺寸旋轉會切掉角落）。"""
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nz, ny, nx = box_size_zyx
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c = np.asarray(c_xyz, dtype=np.float64)
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Rf = np.asarray(R, dtype=np.float64)
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corners = np.array([[x, y, z]
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for x in (0.0, float(nx))
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for y in (0.0, float(ny))
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for z in (0.0, float(nz))], dtype=np.float64)
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pts = (corners - c) @ Rf.T + c
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lo = np.floor(pts.min(axis=0)).astype(int) - int(margin)
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hi = np.ceil(pts.max(axis=0)).astype(int) + int(margin)
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return lo, hi - lo + 1
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def rotate_volume_to(arr, R, c_xyz, start, size, order=1, cval=0.0):
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"""以 R（作用於 (x,y,z)）逆向映射旋轉 (z,y,x) 體積，繞 c_xyz（模板
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index 系），輸出到指定 grid (start, size)（模板 index 系，(x, y, z)
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序）；arr 外區域以 cval 填充。回傳 (size_z, size_y, size_x) 陣列。"""
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sx, sy, sz = (int(v) for v in start)
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nx, ny, nz = (int(v) for v in size)
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idx = np.indices((nz, ny, nx), dtype=np.float64)
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V = np.stack([idx[2] + sx, idx[1] + sy, idx[0] + sz], axis=0)
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c = np.asarray(c_xyz, dtype=np.float64)[:, None, None, None]
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Rf = np.asarray(R, dtype=np.float64)
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W = np.tensordot(Rf.T, V - c, axes=([1], [0])) + c
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return map_coordinates(arr, [W[2], W[1], W[0]], order=order, cval=cval,
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mode="constant")
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def rotated_sitk_image_at(src_image, arr, start):
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"""包裝 arr（size 可不同於 src_image）：spacing/direction 同 src_image；
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origin = start（(x, y, z)，src_image index 系）對應的實體座標。"""
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out = sitk.GetImageFromArray(arr)
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out.SetSpacing(src_image.GetSpacing())
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d = src_image.GetDirection()
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out.SetDirection([d[i * 3 + j] for i in range(3) for j in range(3)])
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out.SetOrigin(src_image.TransformIndexToPhysicalPoint(
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(int(start[0]), int(start[1]), int(start[2]))))
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return out
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def _shift_plane_params(plane, start):
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"""平面（與模板同原點系，n·x = d）換到陣列原點 = 模板原點 + start 的
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局部系：x = v + start -> n·v = d - n·start（方向 u, v 不變）。"""
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n = np.asarray(plane["plane"][:3], dtype=float)
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d = float(plane["plane"][3]) - float(n @ np.asarray(start, dtype=float))
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out = dict(plane)
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out["plane"] = (float(n[0]), float(n[1]), float(n[2]), d)
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return out
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def _rotate_plane_params(plane, R, c_xyz):
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"""把平面 (a,b,c,d) 與 in-plane 方向 u,v 一併旋轉；回傳同結構 dict。"""
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n = np.array(plane["plane"][:3], dtype=float)
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d = float(plane["plane"][3])
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n_rot = R @ n
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d_rot = float(n_rot @ c_xyz) + d - float(n @ c_xyz)
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u_rot = R @ np.array(plane["u"], dtype=float)
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v_rot = R @ np.array(plane["v"], dtype=float)
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out = {
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"plane": (n_rot[0], n_rot[1], n_rot[2], d_rot),
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"normal": (n_rot[0], n_rot[1], n_rot[2]),
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"offset": d_rot,
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"u": (u_rot[0], u_rot[1], u_rot[2]),
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"v": (v_rot[0], v_rot[1], v_rot[2]),
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}
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for k in ("ratio", "inlier_ratio", "tilt_deg", "theta_deg", "phi_deg"):
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if k in plane:
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out[k] = plane[k]
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return out
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def render_bone_figure(volume_id, level, binary_path, cortical_path,
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base_folder="/mnt/1248/open2/cyrou/Output",
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spacing=(0.5, 0.5, 0.5), way="CBT",
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planes_only=False, output_path=None, rotation=None):
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"""繪製單一 (volume, level) 骨頭 X-ray 圖（不畫螺絲）。
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四視角：預設/axial/coronal/sagittal。
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內容：皮質 vs 鬆質吸收骨、椎體(gold)、棘突(purple)、
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中矢狀鏡稱面(orange)、上終板面(green)。無圓柱/中心線。
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planes_only=True：只畫骨頭 + 中矢狀鏡稱面 + 上終板面，
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不做棘突 / 椎體（VBODY）分割。
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output_path：若給定，直接存到該路徑（含自動加 _1/_2 防覆蓋）；
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否則存到 base_folder/{date}/{volume_id}/{volume_id} {level}_{way}.png。
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rotation：(R, c_xyz)。給定時，把骨頭點雲與兩個平面都依 R 旋轉（繞 c_xyz），
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用於畫「對齊後（rotated）」的平面圖；R 作用於 (x,y,z) 向量。
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cortical_path：皮質遮罩路徑，或 (z,y,x) 0/1 陣列（須與 binary_path 同 grid）；
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None / 缺檔時全部視為鬆質骨。
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回傳存檔路徑；無有效骨頭遮罩時回傳 None。
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"""
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spine = _load_mask(binary_path)
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if spine is None:
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print(f"[skip] {volume_id} {level}: 無/空骨頭遮罩 {binary_path}")
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return None
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if isinstance(cortical_path, np.ndarray):
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cortical = cortical_path > 0
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else:
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cortical = _load_mask(cortical_path)
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if cortical is None:
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cortical = np.zeros_like(spine)
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voxel_mm = float(spacing[0])
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alpha_cortical = 1.0 - np.exp(-BONE_MU_CORTICAL * voxel_mm)
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alpha_trabecular = 1.0 - np.exp(-BONE_MU_TRABECULAR * voxel_mm)
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# 骨頭 voxel 拆成皮質 / 鬆質兩組（同 res_plt_2_torch）
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z_corti, y_corti, x_corti = np.where((spine) & (cortical))
|
|||
|
|
z_trab, y_trab, x_trab = np.where((spine) & (~cortical))
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# ---- 方向 / 解剖分割 ----
|
|||
|
|
sym = best_symmetry_plane(spine)
|
|||
|
|
symp = best_upper_endplate_plane(spine)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if planes_only:
|
|||
|
|
# 只做方向平面，不做棘突 / 椎體分割
|
|||
|
|
sp_corti = sp_trab = None
|
|||
|
|
vb_corti = vb_trab = None
|
|||
|
|
sp_info = {}
|
|||
|
|
vb_info = {}
|
|||
|
|
else:
|
|||
|
|
sp_mask, sp_th, sp_info = segment_spinous_process(spine, sym)
|
|||
|
|
if sp_mask is not None and sp_mask.any():
|
|||
|
|
sp_corti = sp_mask[z_corti, y_corti, x_corti]
|
|||
|
|
sp_trab = sp_mask[z_trab, y_trab, x_trab]
|
|||
|
|
else:
|
|||
|
|
sp_corti = sp_trab = None
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
vb_mask, vb_th, vb_info = segment_vertebral_body(spine, sym, symp, sp_th, sp_info["mode"])
|
|||
|
|
if vb_mask is not None and vb_mask.any():
|
|||
|
|
vb_corti = vb_mask[z_corti, y_corti, x_corti]
|
|||
|
|
vb_trab = vb_mask[z_trab, y_trab, x_trab]
|
|||
|
|
else:
|
|||
|
|
vb_corti = vb_trab = None
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# ---- 骨頭點雲（體積吸收）----
|
|||
|
|
x_bone = np.concatenate([x_corti, x_trab])
|
|||
|
|
y_bone = np.concatenate([y_corti, y_trab])
|
|||
|
|
z_bone = np.concatenate([z_corti, z_trab])
|
|||
|
|
bone_rgba = np.concatenate([
|
|||
|
|
_rgba_block(len(x_corti), "lightblue", float(alpha_cortical)),
|
|||
|
|
_rgba_block(len(x_trab), "lightblue", float(alpha_trabecular)),
|
|||
|
|
])
|
|||
|
|
bone_size = np.full(len(x_bone), BONE_MARKER_SIZE)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if BONE_SUBSAMPLE > 1:
|
|||
|
|
x_bone = x_bone[::BONE_SUBSAMPLE]
|
|||
|
|
y_bone = y_bone[::BONE_SUBSAMPLE]
|
|||
|
|
z_bone = z_bone[::BONE_SUBSAMPLE]
|
|||
|
|
bone_rgba = bone_rgba[::BONE_SUBSAMPLE]
|
|||
|
|
bone_size = bone_size[::BONE_SUBSAMPLE]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if vb_corti is not None:
|
|||
|
|
vb_flag = np.concatenate([vb_corti, vb_trab])
|
|||
|
|
if BONE_SUBSAMPLE > 1:
|
|||
|
|
vb_flag = vb_flag[::BONE_SUBSAMPLE]
|
|||
|
|
bone_rgba[vb_flag] = to_rgba("gold", 0.95)
|
|||
|
|
if sp_corti is not None:
|
|||
|
|
sp_flag = np.concatenate([sp_corti, sp_trab])
|
|||
|
|
if BONE_SUBSAMPLE > 1:
|
|||
|
|
sp_flag = sp_flag[::BONE_SUBSAMPLE]
|
|||
|
|
bone_rgba[sp_flag] = to_rgba("purple", 0.95)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# ---- 旋轉對齊（若給定）：骨頭點雲與平面同旋轉 ----
|
|||
|
|
if rotation is not None:
|
|||
|
|
R, c_xyz = rotation
|
|||
|
|
P = np.stack([x_bone - c_xyz[0], y_bone - c_xyz[1], z_bone - c_xyz[2]], axis=0)
|
|||
|
|
P = R @ P
|
|||
|
|
x_bone = P[0] + c_xyz[0]
|
|||
|
|
y_bone = P[1] + c_xyz[1]
|
|||
|
|
z_bone = P[2] + c_xyz[2]
|
|||
|
|
sym = _rotate_plane_params(sym, R, c_xyz)
|
|||
|
|
if symp is not None:
|
|||
|
|
symp = _rotate_plane_params(symp, R, c_xyz)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# ---- 中矢狀（鏡稱）平面 ----
|
|||
|
|
_a, _b, _c, _d = sym["plane"]
|
|||
|
|
_n = np.array([_a, _b, _c])
|
|||
|
|
_u = np.array(sym["u"])
|
|||
|
|
_v = np.array(sym["v"])
|
|||
|
|
_p0 = _d * _n
|
|||
|
|
xyz_bone = np.stack([x_bone - _p0[0], y_bone - _p0[1], z_bone - _p0[2]], axis=1)
|
|||
|
|
_pu = xyz_bone @ _u
|
|||
|
|
_pv = xyz_bone @ _v
|
|||
|
|
_U_, _V_ = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(_pu.min(), _pu.max(), 8),
|
|||
|
|
np.linspace(_pv.min(), _pv.max(), 8))
|
|||
|
|
_Xp = _p0[0] + _U_ * _u[0] + _V_ * _v[0]
|
|||
|
|
_Yp = _p0[1] + _U_ * _u[1] + _V_ * _v[1]
|
|||
|
|
_Zp = _p0[2] + _U_ * _u[2] + _V_ * _v[2]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# ---- 上終板平面 ----
|
|||
|
|
_EX = _EY = _EZ = None
|
|||
|
|
if symp is not None:
|
|||
|
|
_ea, _eb, _ec, _ed = symp["plane"]
|
|||
|
|
_en = np.array([_ea, _eb, _ec])
|
|||
|
|
_eu = np.array(symp["u"])
|
|||
|
|
_ev = np.array(symp["v"])
|
|||
|
|
_ep0 = _ed * _en
|
|||
|
|
xz_ep = np.stack([x_bone - _ep0[0], y_bone - _ep0[1], z_bone - _ep0[2]], axis=1)
|
|||
|
|
_pu_ep = xz_ep @ _eu
|
|||
|
|
_pv_ep = xz_ep @ _ev
|
|||
|
|
_EU, _EV = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(_pu_ep.min(), _pu_ep.max(), 8),
|
|||
|
|
np.linspace(_pv_ep.min(), _pv_ep.max(), 8))
|
|||
|
|
_EX = _ep0[0] + _EU * _eu[0] + _EV * _ev[0]
|
|||
|
|
_EY = _ep0[1] + _EU * _eu[1] + _EV * _ev[1]
|
|||
|
|
_EZ = _ep0[2] + _EU * _eu[2] + _EV * _ev[2]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# ---- 圖 ----
|
|||
|
|
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 12))
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
legend_handles = []
|
|||
|
|
if vb_corti is not None:
|
|||
|
|
legend_handles.append(Line2D([], [], marker="o", ls="", ms=6, color="gold", label="VertebralBody"))
|
|||
|
|
if sp_corti is not None:
|
|||
|
|
legend_handles.append(Line2D([], [], marker="o", ls="", ms=6, color="purple", label="Spinous"))
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
def _fill_ax(ax):
|
|||
|
|
ax.computed_zorder = False
|
|||
|
|
sc_bone = ax.scatter(x_bone, y_bone, z_bone, c=bone_rgba, s=bone_size, marker="o")
|
|||
|
|
sc_bone.set_zorder(5)
|
|||
|
|
plane = ax.plot_surface(_Xp, _Yp, _Zp, color="orange", alpha=0.30,
|
|||
|
|
linewidth=1.0, edgecolor="orange", rstride=1, cstride=1)
|
|||
|
|
plane.set_zorder(8)
|
|||
|
|
if _EX is not None:
|
|||
|
|
ep = ax.plot_surface(_EX, _EY, _EZ, color="green", alpha=0.35,
|
|||
|
|
linewidth=1.0, edgecolor="green", rstride=1, cstride=1)
|
|||
|
|
ep.set_zorder(7)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(221, projection="3d")
|
|||
|
|
_fill_ax(ax1)
|
|||
|
|
ax1.set_xlabel("X-axis"); ax1.set_ylabel("Y-axis"); ax1.set_zlabel("Z-axis")
|
|||
|
|
set_axes_equal_3d(ax1)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(222, projection="3d")
|
|||
|
|
ax2.view_init(elev=90, azim=-90, roll=0)
|
|||
|
|
_fill_ax(ax2)
|
|||
|
|
ax2.set_xlabel("X-axis"); ax2.set_ylabel("Y-axis"); ax2.set_zlabel("Z-axis")
|
|||
|
|
set_axes_equal_3d(ax2)
|
|||
|
|
if legend_handles:
|
|||
|
|
ax2.legend(handles=legend_handles)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(223, projection="3d")
|
|||
|
|
ax3.view_init(elev=0, azim=90, roll=0)
|
|||
|
|
_fill_ax(ax3)
|
|||
|
|
ax3.set_xlabel("X-axis"); ax3.set_ylabel("Y-axis"); ax3.set_zlabel("Z-axis")
|
|||
|
|
set_axes_equal_3d(ax3)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ax4 = fig.add_subplot(224, projection="3d")
|
|||
|
|
ax4.view_init(elev=0, azim=0, roll=0)
|
|||
|
|
_fill_ax(ax4)
|
|||
|
|
ax4.set_xlabel("X-axis"); ax4.set_ylabel("Y-axis"); ax4.set_zlabel("Z-axis")
|
|||
|
|
set_axes_equal_3d(ax4)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
label_str = f"{volume_id} {level}"
|
|||
|
|
base_tag = "planes only" if planes_only else "no screws"
|
|||
|
|
if rotation is not None:
|
|||
|
|
base_tag += ", rotated"
|
|||
|
|
fig.text(0.5, 0.98, f"{label_str} ({base_tag})", ha="center", fontsize=15)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ratio = float(sym.get("ratio", float("nan")))
|
|||
|
|
if planes_only:
|
|||
|
|
ep_ratio = float(symp.get("inlier_ratio", float("nan"))) if symp is not None else float("nan")
|
|||
|
|
info = (f"sym_ratio={ratio:.3f} "
|
|||
|
|
f"endplane_ratio={ep_ratio:.3f} "
|
|||
|
|
f"endplate={'yes' if symp is not None else 'no'}")
|
|||
|
|
else:
|
|||
|
|
info = (f"sym_ratio={ratio:.3f} "
|
|||
|
|
f"spinous={sp_info.get('n_sp', 0)} ({sp_info.get('mode', '?')}) "
|
|||
|
|
f"vertebral_body={vb_info.get('n_vb', 0)} ({vb_info.get('mode', '?')})")
|
|||
|
|
fig.text(0.5, 0.03, info, ha="center", fontsize=8)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
fig.tight_layout()
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if output_path is not None:
|
|||
|
|
path = get_unique_filepath(output_path)
|
|||
|
|
else:
|
|||
|
|
date_str = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d")
|
|||
|
|
output_folder = os.path.join(base_folder, date_str, volume_id)
|
|||
|
|
output_file = os.path.join(output_folder, f"{volume_id} {level}_{way}.png")
|
|||
|
|
path = get_unique_filepath(output_file)
|
|||
|
|
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path) or ".", exist_ok=True)
|
|||
|
|
fig.savefig(path, dpi=200, bbox_inches="tight")
|
|||
|
|
plt.close(fig)
|
|||
|
|
return path
|